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INSTALLMENT #2 MAY 2006
WILLIAM F. NOLAN:
A LITERARY ODYSSEY
--CONDUCTED BY SCIENCE-FICTION/HORROR FAN
RW HESSLER
It's impossible to write about William F. Nolan without
remarking upon the importance that Logan's Run has had in my
life; there is no single novel that I can conjure into memory that
stimulated my imagination more as a teenager. A world in which
nobody was permitted to grow old struck a deep in chord my mind;
the echoes of that seemingly never before conceived notion
continue to reverberate with me, but from a different point in
time's pendulum. Now that I'm nearly three decades older than
that fated first reading, it has been possible to see Nolan's epic
with a new set of filters and, for the first time, a level of
interpretation the work always demonstrated, but one which I was
not equipped to acknowledge.
My first exposure to Logan's Run was the MGM movie from
1976, a film that seems primitive by today's high-tech standards,
but was really quite ahead of its time in the mid-70's, winning an
Academy Award for Special Effects--the film boasted being the
first in which holographic special effects were implemented . I can
still find very little in today's cinema that holds a candle to the
stark, ritualistic beauty of the Carousel sequence or the
anticipation of its participants rising into thin air for renewal or the
ultimate flameout. The film also starred the young and exotically
beautiful British actress, Jenny Agutter, an inspiration to young
men and aspiring actresses everywhere; and as if that weren't
enough, the film feature d 70's pinup queen Farrah Fawcett in her
youthful glory. Needless to say, the movie is quite a visual treat, a
brilliant use of an already existing shopping mall in Dallas, Texas
and various other "real"locations, as well as elaborate Hollywood
sets.
Even as an inquisitive eleven year old, I had the understanding
that the film's cinematic vision was embracing the very best of the
future and what it might hold, from transportation to architecture,
fashion as well as cosmetic surgery--the future would be ingrained
with elements and the comforts of our every hidden desire. I was
very attracted to this future. As an occasionally troubled youth
surrounded by the grittier aspects of 70's American suburban
culture, I was quite excited to see a future of beautiful young
people whose only real purpose was to enjoy themselves. The
festive spirit and transcendence of surface pleasure the film
conveys was a brilliant contrast to an underlying hunger in the 70's
for the good life that typically eludes the majority, and yet its
elusiveness paired with cravings of decadence was what made it
even more desirable.
Soon after, I learned that this unique vision of the 22rd century
was based on a novel by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson
originally published in 1967; upon stealing a tattered copy from a
neighbor in 1977, I devoured Logan's Run from cover in a single
evening, nearly shaking with anticipation from the breakneck pace
of the plot. Reading this great work was the first time I'd ever
regretted finishing a novel--I never wanted it to end , I wanted to
live further through these characters, this bold new frontier and
its curious ideologies, and I was completely enthralled by the
hardboiled protagonist named Logan Three, who is practically on the
run every action-packed page of the book. It didn't take a genius to
see that the novel by Nolan and Johnson eclipsed everything that
MGM had attempted to illuminate with the cinematic adaptation of
the novel. Simply put, the movie had "dumbed down" an essentially
perfect sci-fi/action-adventure (some call it "the science-fiction
classic Hemingway would have written, had he written scie nce-
fiction..."), and if you've read the book and understand the
descriptive quality of the best of Papa Hemingway's contribution to
modern literature, you understand the sentiment--the concise,
bare-bones essential quality of the sentence structure, as well as
the particularly pointed and conservative use of descriptive
language, even the use of "countdown"chapter titles running from
10 to 0, makes this epic story of one man's conscious choice to
question the fabric of his existence an incredibly personal, urgent,
and fast-paced novel that is both exotic and thought-provoking.
Essentially, it makes the movie look like a Saturday cartoon
version, stylistically and thematically.
The boldest difference between the two works is fundamental;
in the novel, peopl e in every corner of the 22nd century's world are
euthanized at the age of 21 as the result of a quasi-spiritual/
political world uprising called the Little War; this system is
enforced by an official uniformed presence, physically and mentally
trained Deep Sleep operatives who are also called Sandmen. In the
movie, set in the 23rd century, people live in a Domed City as a
result of a devastating thermonuclear pandemic disaster--every
comfort and desire is controlled by an omniscient sort of computer,
but there's a catch: nobody lives past the age of 30. This seems
like a choice Hollywood had to make in lieu of the legal ramifications
involved in working with a cast of children and teenagers; however,
there is much more at stake about one's life hspan being cut short at
21, something that strikes a much deeper, more urgent chord.
Even now, the lure of a world without adults is still alluring--
when one reaches their mid-to-late teens it's easy to see that
adults and their decisions screw up the world; that adults don't put
much stock in a young person's point of view regarding the future.
It's even easy to see how precious innocence becomes lost over the
years, now or any time, and the weight of that loss may be
devastating. In many ways, I disciplined myself to ignore the
flawed, askew world of adults, focusing instead on the contributions
of younger minds, constantly imagining the vision of the future from
Logan's Run as a metaphoric blueprint to my own reality. I
remember occasionally scribbling designs in my boyhood bedroom,
blueprints of future cities that were a hybrid of both the movie
and the novel, even Mazecar highways. In my new vision of the
world, the only real contribution I could bring would be those
created before Lastday, my 21st birthday. There was a certain
amount of teenage solemnity I placed upon this world and its
ideology, and a lot of the music of my generation reinforced parallel
sentiments, particularly the work of my favorite music artists,
Pete Townshend and the Who, as well as many others. Rush also
comes to mind.
But there's something even more vital that the book brings to
the present-tense reality that one really doesn't necessarily see
until somewhat later in life--as for me, I wasn't able to really
arrive at this thematic revelation until I turned 40. MGM's version
only rarely and barely hints at it; Nolan and Johnson's novel drives
home the ide a that the world, which seems primarily designed for
the younger generations, will fall apart without the experience and
maturity of the older generations. This is seen primarily through
the enigmatic character of Ballard (who doesn't even make an
appearance in the Hollywood treatment), a resourceful idealist who
chooses to make his stand "fighting from the inside" by posing as
the notoriously ruthless and cunning Sandman Francis Seven, though
in actuality functioning in the capacity of Underground Railroad
conductor for Runners to Sanctuary, an abandoned space station
near Mars called Argos. Without Ballard's sacrifice, his maturity,
and his attempt to fix a dying system, the world would erode
irreparably. He is the only character with the maturity to see that
young people don't build civilizations, they use its products. In the
ultimate cop-out, Hollywood abandons the notion of achieving
Sanctuary at a ll after a time--Logan doesn't discover Sanctuary
through the course of his run, only a destitute old man and his cats
infesting a fallen America's crumbling Capitol building, a wasted role
by the way, played with aplomb by the occasionally brilliant Peter
Ustinov; instead, we are led to believe Runners have been frozen
alive by the character of Box, another particularly wasted role in
Hollywood's convoluted plot, despite the worthy effort of the
immensely talented and completely unsung talent of Roscoe Lee
Browne.
I like to watch the movie still--it's great eye candy, it's still my
favorite thing I've ever seen Michael York do; it stands as a
perfect testament to the sort of filmmaking that was happening in
the Hollywood system of the 70's. But people really should read
the excellent novel so that they can see where this fun and
entertaining movie came from, as well as some of the fine concepts
and futuristic prophecies that are never explored in the MGM film.
My love of the writing of William F. Nolan has only grown since
first reading Logan's Run and its sequels. I have been lucky
enough to find most of the science-fiction and horror collections of
his work as well as some that he has personally compiled and edited,
and I continue to be amazed at Nolan's ability to maximally immerse
an audience with the bare minimum of words required to exercise
his intent as a master storyteller. Besides the recognition of
having taken numerous awards in science-fiction and horror, Nolan
also represents the best of the best in those genres. His work is
testimony to a period where science-fiction and horror first
became a pop-culture phenomenon, instead of being a denizen of
fringe culture writing, as in the days of Lovecraft.
There are few American writers who have had more significant
impact in the realms of science-fiction, mystery, and psychological